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RECOMMENDED WEBSITE RESOURCES Studying with regional websites is optimal for the most up to date information. Here we have compiled the regional websites in one place for ease of navigating. OVERALL STUDY GuildSomm SommFoundation Jancis Robinson Tim Gaiser Wine Folly ​ ​ CURRENT EVENTS Daily Seven Fifty Decanter Drinks Business WineSpectator Imbibe World of Fine Wine Grape Collective Vine Pair The Wine Doctor Tim Atkin ​ ​ FRANCE Champagne Loire Valley Wine Wines of Alsace Alsace Chablis Bourgogne Beaujolais Jura Bordeaux Rhone Provence Languedoc Roussillon The Wine Cellar Insider ​ ​ ITALY Italian Wine Central Asti Langhe Franciacorta Consorzio Vino Chianti Wines Of Sicily Consorzio Vino Marsala ​ ​ SPAIN Wines From Spain Do Rias Baixas Ribera del Duero Rioja Wine DO Cava DOQ Priorat DO Penedès Sherry Wine ​ ​ PORTUGAL Wines of Portugal Vinho Verde ​ ​ GERMANY German Wine USA VDP ​ ​ AUSTRIA ​​Austrian Wine Vinea Wachau ​ ​ SWITZERLAND Swiss Wine ​ ​ EASTERN EUROPE Hungarian Wines Tokaj Bulgarian Wines Czech Republic Slovakia ​ ​ UNITED KINGDOM Wine Great Britain ​ ​ MIDDLE EAST Wines of Georgia Wines of Israel NORTH AMERICA American Viticultural Areas Wines of Canada Wines of BC VQA Ontario Vins Du Quebec Wines Of Nova Scotia Washington Wine Oregon Wine Discover California Wines Mendocino Wines Anderson Valley Wines Lodi Wines Napa Vintners Sonoma Wine Russian River Valley Monterey Wines Santa Lucia Highlands Santa Barbara County Wines Rhone Rangers Paso Wine New York Wines New Jersey Wines Finger Lakes Wine Country Virginia Wine North Carolina Wine ​ ​ SOUTH AMERICA Wines of Argentina Wines of Chile ​ ​ SOUTH AFRICA SAWIS WOSA Cap Classique ​ ​ AUSTRALIA Wine Australia ​ ​ NEW ZEALAND Wines of NZ ​ ​ HAVE A SUGGESTED RESOURCE? We'd love to know how we can make this site even more useful! Thank you for your recommendation! >

STUDY GUIDES Jessica created these master level study guides to aide in her own certification studies. Jessica is in the process of updating these for you and will release them as she finishes them. ​ ONCE THE GUIDES ARE READY, THE TOPIC WILL BE A BLUE CLICKABLE LINK FRANCE Alsace Aveyron Department Bordeaux Burgundy Champagne Corsica Dordogne Department Gers Department Jura Languedoc Loire Valley Lot Department Provence Pyrenees Department Rhone Valley Savoie Spirits, Liqueurs, & Vermouth Sweet Wine Comparison Chart ​ ITALY Abruzzo Basilicata Calabria Campania Emilia Romagna Friuli-Venezia-Giulia Lazio Liguria Lombardy Marche Molise Piedmont Puglia Sardinia Sicily Trentino-Alto Adige Tuscany Umbria Valle d'Aosta Veneto ​ SPAIN Northeastern Spain Northwestern Spain Southern Spain ​ PORTUGAL Madeira Portugal Port ​ GERMANY Ahr Franken Mosel Rheingau Rheinhessen Nahe Pfalz OTHER EUROPE Austria Bulgaria Czech-Republic Croatia Greece Hungary Romania Slovenia Switzerland Other ​ UNITED KINGDOM England ​ MIDDLE EAST Armenia Cyprus Georgia Israel Lebanon ​ ASIA China Japan ​ NORTH AMERICA California Canada Oregon Mexico New York Washington ​ SOUTH AMERICA Argentina Brazil Chile Uruguay Other ​ SOUTH AFRICA AUSTRALIA New South Wales South Australia Western Australia Queensland Victoria ​ NEW ZEALAND North Island South Island ​ ​ OVERALL STUDY Barrel Study Guide Bottles Business of Wine Deductive Tasting Service Winemaking Viticulture ​ OTHER BEVERAGES Beer Classic Cocktails Sake Spirits ​

REGIONAL VINTAGE GUIDES In depth vintage guides for the top wine regions of the world, each includes historic vintages and resources. ​ STILL IN PRODUCTION: AUSTRALIA : Barossa Valley, Margaret River, and Yarra Valley NEW ZEALAND : Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, and Central Otago NORTH AMERICA : California, Oregon, New York, and Washington SOUTH AFRICA : Stellenbosch, Swartland, and Walker Bay SOUTH AMERICA : Argentina and Chile SPAIN : Priorat and Rioja ALSACE VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Alsace region in France. Read More AUSTRIA VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of Austrian wines. Read More BORDEAUX VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Bordeaux region in France. Read More BURGUNDY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Burgundy region in France. Read More CHAMPAGNE VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Champagne region in France. Read More GERMANY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of German wines. Read More LOIRE VALLEY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Loire Valley region in France. Read More PIEMONTE VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Piemonte region in Italy. Read More PORT VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of Port wines in Portugal. Read More RHONE VALLEY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Rhone Valley region in France. Read More TUSCANY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Tuscany region in Italy. Read More

< Back WINKLER INDEX to our culinary experiences. The amount of degree days over 50°F, during the growing season, April 1st to October 31st in the northern hemisphere and October 1 to April 30 in the southern hemisphere. For each degree over 50°F the region received one degree day. This number is then added and the sum indicated the climate zone for the region: DIVIDED INTO SIX CLIMATE ZONES: Region Ia - 1500 to 2000°F degree days (850 to 1111°C) Region Ib - 2001 to 2500°F degree days (1112 to 1389°C) Region II - 2501 to 3000°F degree days (1390 to 1667°C) Region III - 3001 to 3500°F degree days (1668 to 1944°C) Region IV - 3501 to 4000°F degree days (1945 to 2222°C) Region V - 4000 to 5000°F degree days (2223 to 2700°C) REGION IA Central Otago, New Zealand Champagne, France Kent, England Kremstal, Austria Leelanau Peninsula, Michigan Nova Scotia, Canada Okanagan Valley, Canada Puget Sound, Washington Rio Negro, Argentina Ruwer, Germany Sussex, England Tasmania, Australia Valais, Switzerland REGION IB Adelaide Hills, Australia Alsace, France Baden, Germany Burgundy, France Central Coast, California Muscadet, France Marlborough, New Zealand Niagara Peninsula, Canada Rhine Valley, Germany Ribera del Duero, Spain Savoie, France Tokaj, Hungary Willamette Valley, Oregon Yarra Valley, Australia ​ ​ REGION II Alto Adige, Italy Bordeaux, France Columbia Valley, Washington Coonawarra, Australia Curico Valley, Chile Douro Valley, Portugal Hawke's Bay, New Zealand Piedmont, Italy Rias Baixas, Spain Walker Bay ​ ​ ​ REGION III Barossa Valley, Australia Clare Valley, Australia Friuli, Italy Margaret River, Australia McLaren Vale, Australia Mendocino, California Monticello, Virginia Northern Rhone, France Paso Robles, California Rioja, Spain Rutherglen, Australia Sonoma Valley, California Thracian Valley, Bulgaria Umbria, Italy ​ ​ REGION IV Alentejo, Portugal Catalunya, Spain Corsica, France Hunter Valley, Australia Lisbon, Portugal Languedoc, France Napa Valley, California Northern Sonoma, California Roussillon, France Southern Rhone, France Stellenbosch, South Africa Tuscany, Italy Veneto, Italy ​ ​ REGION V Jerez, Spain Lodi, California Madeira, Portugal Puglia, Italy Patras, Greece Sardinia, Italy Sicily, Italy Previous Next

DISTILLED SPIRITS RESOURCES CLICK HERE FOR BLANK AND LABELED MAPS OF SPIRIT REGIONS Apertifs, Digestives, & Liqueurs Classic Cocktails Detailed Spirits Menu Whiskey Producer Breakdown French Spirits & Liqueurs CHARTREUSE Chartreuse has more than 4 centuries of history since the manuscript by François Hannibal d’Estrées in 1605 Read More COCKTAIL SERVICE BASICS This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More EAU DE VIE This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More GIN This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More RUM This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More SPIRITS OF ASIA This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More SPIRITS OF MEXICO This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More VODKA This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More WHISKEY This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More

WINE STUDY GUIDES AUSTRIA STUDY GUIDE In this guide we will break down the wine regions of Austria with focuses on history, classifications, DACs, wine law, vintages, producers, and more. Read More BARREL STUDY GUIDE ​In this guide we will break down wood types used for barrel making, how a barrel is made, the most sought after cooperages, compound and impact aromas associated with oak, and the common barrels used throughout the winemaking world, where they are from, and details on each, and more. Read More BORDEAUX STUDY GUIDE In this guide we will break down the French wine region of Bordeaux with focuses on history, classifications, AOPs, wine law, vintages, producers, and more. Read More CHINA STUDY GUIDE In this guide we will break down the wine regions of China. Read More CYPRUS STUDY GUIDE In this guide we will break down the wine regions of Cyprus. Read More SERVICE STUDY GUIDE In this service guide we will discuss everything from service temperatures and table mannerisms, to the basics of beer, cocktails, and cigars to in depth steps of service guides for each of the below styles of service commonly, or not so commonly, seen throughout restaurants today. Read More SLOVENIA STUDY GUIDE In this guide we will break down the wine regions of Slovenia. Read More SWITZERLAND STUDY GUIDE In this guide we will break down the wine regions of Switzerland with focuses on climatic influences, grape varieties, cantons, and more. Read More UNITED KINGDOM STUDY GUIDE In this guide we will break down the wine regions of the United Kingdom with focuses on classifications, wine law, vineyards, producers, and more. Read More VITICULTURE STUDY GUIDE This master study guide is an in depth break down of the cultivation of grape vines, viticulture, focusing on: Read More

JWE ARTICLES ALISOS CANYON AVA Alisos Canyon AVA becomes an AVA within Santa Barbara County in Central Coast, California. Located in a "Goldilocks Rhone Zone", 24.5 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean. Read More CHALK SOILS IN ENGLAND Today we have a guest article from Teri Wheeler van Aalst about England's wine regions and their gaining of attention for their noteworthy terroirs. Read More HANGOVER SCIENCE The hangover, medically known as veisalgia, derived from the Norwegian kveis (uneasiness following debauchery) and Greek algia (pain) is a bit of a mystery. There is not a solid answer on why hangovers occur, however, below are the most common findings. Read More KOSHER EXPLAINED A common misconception about kosher products is that they are made differently than non-kosher products. Kosher products are produced the same as non-Kosher products, where the difference comes in to play, is in the handling. Read More NEW AVAS FOR WASHINGTON STATE Washington State received numerous new AVAs including Goose Gap AVA, The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA, White Bluffs AVA, Royal Slope AVA, and Candy Mountain AVA. Read More PALOS VERDES PENINSULA AVA Palos Verdes Peninsula AVA becomes an AVA within Los Angeles County in Southern California Read More POUILLY-FUISSÉ AOP 22 Premier Crus approved for Pouilly Fuissé AOP Read More RUSTER AUSBRUCH Ruster Ausbruch becomes a DAC on the western bank of Lake Neusiedlersee in Burgenland, Austria. Read More SULFITE BREAKDOWN Sulfites are a natural bi-product of fermentation that is present in all wine. Sulfites are a common antioxidant and preservative found in many commonly consumed foods. Read More TEHACHAPI MOUNTAINS AVA Tehachapi Mountains becomes an AVA within California, just south of Bakersfield. This high elevation AVA is capable of wine grape growing due to warming winds from the Mojave Desert (east) and San Joaquin Valley (west). Read More THE SCIENCE AND TASTE OF WINE Today we have a guest article from Teri Wheeler van Aalst about the science of taste. Read More WINKLER INDEX to our culinary experiences. Read More

BEER RESOURCES Beer Producers BEER BASICS This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More BEER SERVICE BASICS This is the basic guide Jessica put together while studying. We are still in the progress of updating this to make it more thorough. Read More

WORLD WIDE HARVEST REPORTS Starting with the 2020 vintage we will be putting together annual reports detailing out each vintage in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and the United States. 2020 HARVEST REPORT 2020 has been a difficult year for most, the wine industry being no exception, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the 25% tariffs imposed on many European wine regions by the United States. Read More

REGIONAL VINTAGE GUIDES In depth vintage guides for the top wine regions of the world, each includes historic vintages and resources. ​ STILL IN PRODUCTION: AUSTRALIA : Barossa Valley, Margaret River, and Yarra Valley NEW ZEALAND : Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, and Central Otago NORTH AMERICA : California, Oregon, New York, and Washington SOUTH AFRICA : Stellenbosch, Swartland, and Walker Bay SOUTH AMERICA : Argentina and Chile SPAIN : Priorat and Rioja ALSACE VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Alsace region in France. Read More AUSTRIA VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of Austrian wines. Read More BORDEAUX VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Bordeaux region in France. Read More BURGUNDY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Burgundy region in France. Read More CHAMPAGNE VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Champagne region in France. Read More GERMANY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of German wines. Read More LOIRE VALLEY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Loire Valley region in France. Read More PIEMONTE VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Piemonte region in Italy. Read More PORT VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of Port wines in Portugal. Read More RHONE VALLEY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Rhone Valley region in France. Read More TUSCANY VINTAGE GUIDE An easy to follow, comprehensive vintage guide to aide in your studies of the Tuscany region in Italy. Read More